Understanding menopause and evidence-based symptom management

Menopause is a natural stage of life marked by hormonal changes that can affect physical, emotional, and urogenital health. Symptoms and impact vary widely, and treatment is tailored to individual needs.

Frequently Asked Questions

  • Menopause occurs when menstrual periods permanently stop due to reduced ovarian hormone production. It is diagnosed after 12 months without a period and typically occurs between 45 and 55 years of age.

  • Common symptoms include:

    • Hot flushes and night sweats

    • Sleep disturbance

    • Mood changes or anxiety

    • Vaginal dryness or discomfort

    • Reduced libido

    • Urinary symptoms

    • Joint aches or fatigue

    Some women experience minimal symptoms, while others are significantly affected.

  • Diagnosis is usually based on age, symptoms, and menstrual history. Blood tests are not routinely required but may be used in selected cases to assess hormonal status or exclude other conditions.

  • Non-hormonal options:

    • Lifestyle measures

    • Non-hormonal medications for symptom control

    • Vaginal moisturisers or local treatments

    Hormonal options:

    • Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) may be considered when benefits outweigh risks and after individual assessment

    Treatment decisions are made based on symptoms, medical history, and personal preference.

  • ‍RANZCOG Patient Information Pamphlets

    ‍https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/menopause

    Australian Menopause Society

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