Menopause occurs when menstrual periods permanently stop due to reduced ovarian hormone production. It is diagnosed after 12 months without a period and typically occurs between 45 and 55 years of age.

Common symptoms include:

• Hot flushes and night sweats

• Sleep disturbance

• Mood changes or anxiety

• Vaginal dryness or discomfort

• Reduced libido

• Urinary symptoms

• Joint aches or fatigue

Some women experience minimal symptoms, while others are significantly affected.

Diagnosis is usually based on age, symptoms, and menstrual history. Blood tests are not routinely required but may be used in selected cases to assess hormonal status or exclude other conditions.

Non-hormonal options:

• Lifestyle measures

• Non-hormonal medications for symptom control

• Vaginal moisturisers or local treatments

Hormonal options:

• Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) may be considered when benefits outweigh risks and after individual assessment

Treatment decisions are made based on symptoms, medical history, and personal preference.

‍RANZCOG Patient Information Pamphlets

‍https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/menopause

Australian Menopause Society

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