Understanding bladder control problems and available treatments
Urinary incontinence is common and can affect women of all ages. With proper assessment, effective treatment options are available.
Urinary Incontinence
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Urinary incontinence is the involuntary leakage of urine. It may occur during physical activity, with urgency, or due to difficulty emptying the bladder. Different types of incontinence exist, and accurate diagnosis is essential.
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Women with bladder control problems may experience:
Leaking urine with coughs, sneezes or exercise
Leaking urine on the way to the toilet
Passing urine frequently
Rushing to the toilet (urgency)
Getting up twice or more at night to pass urine
Wetting the bed when asleep
Feeling their bladder is not completely empty
Having poor urine flow
Straining to get the bladder to empty
Frequently having urinary tract infections (UTIs). Simple test incontinence
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Urinary incontinence and continence problems may include:
Stress incontinence – leakage of small amounts of urine with exertion.
Urge incontinence – leakage following a sudden urge to urinate.
Overflow incontinence – leakage because the bladder does not empty well and overfills.
Mixed incontinence – combination of urge and stress incontinence
Functional incontinence – leakage of urine because a person was unable to get to or use the toilet due to a physical disability.
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Dr Joshi conducts a special test- “URODYNAMICS” to detect the exact problem, so that correct treatment can be started.
Depending upon the results of URODYNAMICS, Dr Joshi will discuss whether non-surgical or surgical management is required.
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Non-surgical Management:
For Urge Incontinence, medications and bladder training offer relatively good relief. Neuromodulation is an innovative treatment providing significant relief, in the event medications do not produce desired results.For more details re each treatment, please refer Urgent PC.
For Stress Incontinence there are some treatments available.
Surgical Treatments
For Stress Incontinence, surgical procedures like Mid-urethral sling offers a good relief. A sling is a small tape which is anchored below the mid-urethra to provide support to the urethra. These surgeries are performed through a small cut in the vaginal wall. As the mid-urethral tape procedure is fairly new, long-term success rates are being monitored.
Periurethral Injections- bulking agent – collagen or silicone – is injected into the tissues of the urethra to create cushioning effect.
Burch Colpo suspension or bladder neck elevation – the operation to eliminate the neck of the bladder outlet back to its normal position. It is considered one of the best operations with a high success rate about 75 to 85 out of hundred patients.
Laparoscopic Burch Colpo suspension- Burch Colpo suspension performed laparoscopically.
For Urge Incontinence, surgical treatment options include Botox injections to bladder muscle and Sacral Neuromodulation.
All surgical procedures have their own risks and some risks can be life-threatening. Patients are encouraged to ask as many questions to understand the risks involved.
Medications
Bladder Training and Exercises
More than 60% patients get some relief with bladder training and/or Kegel or pelvic floor exercises.We also provide pelvic-floor physiotherapy through a qualified physiotherapist specializing in pelvic-floor, in Newcastle and Maitland practices.
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RANZCOG Patient Information Videos
https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/urinary-incontinence
Continence Foundation of Australia
URODYNAMICS
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Urodynamics is a specialised bladder function test that measures how the bladder stores and releases urine. It involves filling the bladder and recording pressure responses during different activities.
Urodynamics is the name given to a number of tests designed to show how your bladder functions.
This is a specialised test to identify the cause of incontinence. It involves a 45-50 minutes test, performed in the rooms. Patients can drive home after the test.
Results from the Urodynamics tests allow your doctor to demonstrate the reason why you have the symptoms you have and then offer you the best treatment for your problems.
The main test is called cytometry, which measures your bladder’s ability to store and pass urine.
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You are normally asked to attend for the tests with a comfortably full bladder. The procedure takes approximately 45 minutes and does not require any dieting or fasting. No anaesthetic is required. On the day of the test, wear separates (i.e. a skirt or trousers and shirt), as you will need to remove your lower clothing.
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Mentioned below is a detailed description of the test to avoid any surprises. Overall patient feedback received tells that the actual test does not feel as invasive as it reads below.
The test is conducted by our very experienced female nurse– Deb.
You will be asked to pass urine into a special toilet seat placed in the consulting room to measure how quickly your bladder is able to empty itself. You may have a bladder scan immediately after you have passed urine to assess how well your bladder has emptied.
Following this, a small plastic tube called a catheter will be inserted into your bladder to fill the bladder with fluid. Two fine soft catheters (sensors) will also be inserted, one into the bladder and the other into the vagina or rectum (back passage). These lines will record pressures measured in your bladder and abdomen.
During the procedure you will be asked questions about the sensations in your bladder. You will also be asked to do some of the things which might trigger the problem you have (e.g. cough, strain, jog, stand up, or listen to the sound of running water). Let the person doing the test know when your bladder feels full.
Finally, you will be asked to empty your bladder again, in the same special toilet seat with the two fine sensors still in place. The sensors are then removed, and the procedure is complete, and you can get dressed.
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While passing urine, a little stinging sensation may remain for a day after the test, but if you think that you have developed a urine infection, please let your doctor know. The results of the test are usually available immediately and will be discussed with you so that your treatment can be planned.
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The test is performed in our clinic.
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Not everyone with bladder symptoms will need to have Urodynamics testing. If simple conservative management such as altering your fluid intake, exercises and/or medicines fails, then Urodynamics is the best way to properly measure your bladder function and plan treatment to your particular problem.
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No matter how carefully the test is performed urine infections can sometimes occur after the test. You should drink more water than usual for a day or two to flush out any bacteria. You may be advised to take antibiotics for a short period of time after the test to prevent any infection.
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Pelvic Floor Physiotherapy aims to improve pelvic floor function through exercises of muscles that are involved with urinary and bowel function, lifestyle modifications, education and hands on treatment to decrease or eliminate symptoms.
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URGENT PC (PTNS)
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Various non-surgical options are now available at Advanced Gynaecology NH. The suitability of a particular option can be discussed with the Dr Sneha Joshi.
Urgent PC is Medicare rebatable, Neuromodulation (Percutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation (PTNS) ) based treatment for overactive bladder and urge incontinence.
Dr Joshi is first to offer this treatment in Newcastle-Hunter region.
Now Medicare offers a rebate for this treatment.
Urgent PC is Neuromodulation based treatment for overactive bladder and urge incontinence.
It delivers stimulation to nerves that control the bladder (PTNS) by placing a slim needle electrode near ankle.
The palm-size device delivers mild electrical impulses which travel up to the nerves in the legs to the nerves that control the bladder, improving the bladder control and confidence.
12 weekly sessions of 30-45 minute duration are recommended for a long-lasting benefit, followed by a maintenance treatment.
Medicare rebate is now available for entire treatment from 1 Nov 2018.
As per many studies, up to 80% of the patients get better with Urgent PC treatment.
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A simple, effective, walk-in/walk-out treatment
No undesired, serious side effects*
Minimally invasive treatment easily administered in a clinic – No need for hospitalisation or anaesthesia
Well-tolerated by patients with few associated side-effects
May be used alone or with other therapies
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Patient sits comfortably with a slim needle electrode placed near the ankle. You may feel a small prick when the needle is placed.
A device is attached to the needle and delivers mild electrical impulses which travel up the nerves in the leg to the nerves that control the bladder.
Patients usually feel a mild sensation in the foot or leg during treatment
30 minute weekly sessions for 12 weeks. If you get better with Urgent PC, you may have to come for treatments to stay better.
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Some nerves and muscles around your bladder control how the bladder works. They can be affected by:
Pregnancy and childbirth
Surgery – prostate, pelvic, etc.
Getting older
Chronic disease- like diabetes
Trauma- like accidents
Being overweight
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Many studies show up to 80% of patients get better with Urgent PC treatment.
Most Urgent PC patients go to the bathroom less and have less accident.
Urgent PC may work even if other therapies haven’t worked for you.
How soon will it work for me?
It will probably take about 6 weeks for symptoms to change, but it is different for each person
In one study, patients got better between 2-12 weeks. For 1 out of 5, it took 8 weeks before they got better
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